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Overweight as one of the risk factors for hypertension in schoolchildren of Tyumen

Е. И. Гакова, Е. В. Акимова, В. А. Кузнецов

Authors: E. I. Gakova, E. V. Akimova, V. A. Kuznetsov

Place: Tyumen, Russia

Institution: Tyumen Cardiology Center — Branch of Institute of Cardiology

Abstract: Objective. To assess the epidemiology of overweight as the main risk factor for hypertension and its 18-year trends in Tyumen pupil population in order to develop basic preventive strategies. Design and methods. Two single epidemiological studies were carried out in a population of pupils of Tyumen schools selected by the method of random numbers. The first study was conducted in 1986-1987 years using a standard questionnaire of World Health Organization (WHO) MONICA project. Altogether 3704 pupils aged 7-15 years (1836 boys and 1866 girls) were examined with 93 % response. The second study was carried out 18 years later (2005-2006 years) when 2640 pupils aged 7-17 years (1308 boys and 1332 girls) were examined with 87,7 % response. The following methods were used in both studies: assessment of blood pressure (BP) and Quetelet index for overweight detection (Quetelet index threshold for 7-9 years old > 20,0 kg/m 2; for 10-14 years old > 22,0 kg/m2; for 15-17 years old > 25,0 kg/m2). Results. The prevalence of overweight in the pupil population was 8,8 %: among boys — 9,2 %, among girls — 8,3 %. A tendency for increased overweight prevalence was found at second screening study as compared to the first one (9,3 vs. 8,5 %, respectively, р > 0,05). It was caused mainly by the increased overweight prevalence (9,3 vs. 7,6 % respectively, р < 0,05). The incidence of high BP in overweight pupils was significantly higher than in pupils with normal body weight (2,7-times higher in boys vs. 2,8-times higher in girls, р < 0,001). Moreover, in overweight pupils puberty progressed more rapidly. Pupils with excessive body weight complain of problems related to autonomic dysfunction 1,5-2 times more often than pupils with normal body weight. conclusions. Our study showed high prevalence of overweight in the population of Tyumen schoolchildren, a tendency for increasing overweight prevalence in boys nowadays, association between overweight, high BP, puberty and autonomic dysfunction.

Keywords: pupil population, overweight, hypertension, epidemiological study

 

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